Neral is a naturally occurring unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde found in various plant sources, including lemongrass, ginger, and citrus fruits. It is known for its citrusy, lemon-like aroma and is commonly used in the fragrance and flavoring industries. Neral is an aldehyde with a molecular structure composed of nine carbon atoms. It contains a double bond, which gives it unsaturated properties, and an aldehyde group (-CHO) that contributes to its aromatic and reactivity characteristics. Citral is a collective term which covers two geometric isomers that have their own separate names; the E-isomer is named geranial (trans-citral) or citral A, while the Z-isomer is named neral (cis-citral) or citral B. These stereoisomers occur as a mixture, not necessarily racemic.

Pharmacologically, neral has been studied for its potential health benefits. It exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it effective against certain bacteria and fungi. Neral also displays insecticidal and antioxidant activities, suggesting potential uses in pest control and as an antioxidant agent.

Regarding its relationship with cannabinoids, neral does not directly interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) like cannabinoids do. However, it is found in cannabis plants and contributes to the overall terpene profile. Terpenes, including neral, along with cannabinoids, contribute to the complex aroma and potential therapeutic effects associated with different cannabis strains.