Citronellol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol found in various plant sources, including rose, geranium, and citronella grass. It is known for its pleasant, floral aroma and is commonly used in perfumes, cosmetics, and insect repellents. From a chemical perspective, citronellol is an alcohol with a molecular structure composed of ten carbon atoms. It contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a double bond, which contribute to its reactivity and aromatic properties. the compound is present in two enantiomeric forms, (R)-citronellol and (S)-citronellol, with the former being the more common isomer. The (R)-enantiomer has a fresh, floral aroma, while the (S)-enantiomer has a more pungent, citrusy scent. Both enantiomers have applications in perfumery, insect repellents, and flavorings, but their biological activities and potential therapeutic effects may vary.

Pharmacologically, citronellol has demonstrated several potential therapeutic properties. It exhibits antimicrobial effects against certain bacteria and fungi, making it useful in controlling microbial growth. Citronellol also displays insect repellent properties, particularly against mosquitoes. Regarding its relationship with cannabinoids, citronellol does not directly interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) like cannabinoids. However, it is found in cannabis plants and contributes to the overall terpene profile. Terpenes, including citronellol, along with cannabinoids, contribute to the complex aroma and potential therapeutic effects associated with different cannabis strains.